Timeline

Virtual absoluteness can trace its roots to the 1860s, back 360-degree art through across-the-board murals began to appear. An archetype of this would be Baldassare Peruzzi's allotment titled, Sala delle Prospettive. In the 1920s, agent simulators were introducedcitation needed. Morton Heilig wrote in the 1950s of an "Experience Theatre" that could beset all the senses in an able manner, appropriately cartoon the eyewitness into the onscreen activity. He congenital a ancestor of his eyes dubbed the Sensorama in 1962, forth with bristles abbreviate films to be displayed in it while agreeable assorted senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). Predating agenda computing, the Sensorama was a automated device, which reportedly still functions today. Around this time, Douglas Englebart uses computer screens as both ascribe and achievement devices. In 1966, Thomas A. Furness III introduces a beheld flight stimulator for the Air Force. In 1968, Ivan Sutherland, with the advice of his apprentice Bob Sproull, created what is broadly advised to be the aboriginal basal absoluteness and aggrandized absoluteness (AR) arch army affectation (HMD) system. It was archaic both in agreement of user interface and realism, and the HMD to be beat by the user was so abundant it had to be abeyant from the ceiling. The cartoon absolute the basal ambiance were simple wireframe archetypal rooms. The appalling actualization of the accessory aggressive its name, The Sword of Damocles. Also notable amid the beforehand hypermedia and basal absoluteness systems was the Aspen Movie Map, which was created at MIT in 1977. The affairs was a awkward basal simulation of Aspen, Colorado in which users could aberrate the streets in one of three modes: summer, winter, and polygons. The aboriginal two were based on photographs—the advisers absolutely photographed every accessible movement through the city's artery filigree in both seasons—and the third was a basal 3-D archetypal of the city. In the backward 1980s, the appellation "virtual reality" was affected by Jaron Lanier, one of the avant-garde antecedents of the field. Lanier had founded the aggregation VPL Research in 1985, which developed and congenital some of the seminal "goggles and gloves" systems of that decade. In 1991, Antonio Medina, a MIT alum and NASA scientist, advised a basal absoluteness arrangement to "drive" Mars rovers from Earth in credible absolute time admitting the abundant adjournment of Mars-Earth-Mars signals. The system, termed "Computer-Simulated Teleoperation" as appear by Rand, is an addendum of basal reality.5